Is the White House Really Neglecting Bioterror?
A government commission wastes time and money to determine what they should already know: Al-Qaeda is looking to use biological weapons.
Bioweapons — infectious agents unleashed into the environment to kill or disable people — have been around since the advent of war. In the 6th century BC, the Assyrians poisoned enemy wells with rye ergot, causing the spread of fungal disease. During World War II, the Japanese created a radical biological warfare program in a notorious laboratory complex called Unit 731. There, doctors and scientists weaponized pathogens to use against their enemies, specifically China and the United States. In one instance, Japanese pilots dropped plague-infected fleas over Manchuria as they worked to perfect an aerosol bomb, which they wanted to explode over the United States. Instead, the Americans dropped two atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki before it came to that.
After World War II, many nations stepped up their bioweapons programs. American research took place at several facilities around the country, including in many university laboratories. Most of the official work went on at Camp Detrick, now called Fort Detrick, which made news recently with the case of Bruce Ivins. Bioweapons work progressed steadily until 1975, when President Nixon spearheaded a treaty which prohibited the development, production, stockpiling, and use of weaponized disease agents such as anthrax, smallpox, or plague, as well as equipment and delivery systems for pathogens. But unlike nuclear non-proliferation, the Nixon treaty had no provisions for verifying or monitoring compliance.
Just four years later, in April 1979, one of the most deadly accidents involving bioweapons occurred in Sverdlovsk, Russia. The Soviets were weaponizing anthrax in a secret facility when aerosolized Bacillus anthracis spores were released into the environment. Sixty-six people died. Denied by Russia at the time, the CIA monitored the “rumors” surrounding the event but was unable to conclude exactly what had happened. “Reports of a BW accident persist but add little to our knowledge of what actually happened in Sverdlovsk,” read a top-secret CIA document labeled “Biological Warfare,” dated October 15, 1979.
Flash forward to 1992. The wall is down. Russia is no longer the enemy. Russian President Boris Yeltsin tells President Clinton that the Sverdlovsk anthrax incident did in fact occur and was related to military developments at the microbiology facility there despite their having signed Nixon’s treaty. We were, after all, at war with Russia, albeit a Cold War.
Flash forward to 2008. The twin towers are down. Al-Qaeda is the enemy. Al-Qaeda is developing bioweapons to use against the great Satan, the United States. And yet, it takes the Commission on the Prevention of WMD Proliferation and Terrorism — a “bipartisan” group led by former Florida Senator Bob Graham and former Missouri Senator Jim Talent — to arrive at what they seem to think is a stunning conclusion: Al-Qaeda wants to use bioweapons against the United States.
Our Commission interviewed hundreds of experts and reviewed thousands of pages of information. As this work began, it became clear that the United States faced a growing threat of biological terrorism.
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Annie Jacobsen writes about aviation and intelligence. She blogs at TheAviationNation.com and is working on a new book for Little Brown and Company.
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19 Comments
1. Chris:Is there anything about terrorism that the Obama administration ISN’T neglecting?
Let’s look at the facts. Earlier this year when Swine Flu was largely relegated to Mexico the Obama Administration proclaimed that we HAD to confirm Sebelius as HHS head, pronto to combat the spread.
They got what they wanted. Now my local high school has huge double digit absences from Swine Flu as does my workplace.
This administration faced A FLU VIRUS. Not aimed, not strategically placed, just a flu virus and they can’t handle it. They would much rather keep trying to force Nationalized Health Care down our throats than actually DO something useful.
Appointing a pay czar has higher priority than sending requested troops to a hot war in Afghanistan. We sold out our allies on some vague promise that Russia would bring pressure upon Iran’s attempt to go nuclear. Did we GET that action from Russia? Nope. Obama sold out our allies FOR NOTHING.
Oct 25, 2009 - 3:58 am 2. Leatherneck:Dear Annie Jacobsen,
In the New World Order, AQ wants to commit crime not war, and will be dealt with in the court system after being read their rights.
Does your gas mask fit well?
Oct 25, 2009 - 4:13 am 3. eon:Maybe our Senators and Representatives should read the New York Times less, and science fiction a bit more. Tom Clancy, John Ringo, and others have written novels regarding the potential problems of biowar agents in the hands of radicals with agendas, ranging from Islamists (“Executive Orders”- Clancy, “A Deeper Blue”- Ringo) to environmental extremists(“Rainbow Six”- Clancy, and don’t confuse the novel with the computer games).
The point that everyone who has bothered to think about it agrees on is exactly the point mentioned in passing here. Bioweapons are easily developed and deployed because;
1. The raw material is widely available, and basically free if the would-be attacker is wiling to do a bit of work. As a “bonus” for our most determined enemies, the Islamists, the primary sources of some of the potentially most destructive agents, such as Ebola, are in their “backyard”- namely Sub-Saharan Africa, plus (in the case of some of the nastier avian influenza strains) Asia, specifically Mainland China.
2. Unlike nuclear weapons production, bioweapons production can be carried out without obvious (and expensive)facilities. If you’re not terribly concerned with the prospect of something being released by accident (and those who worship martyrdom generally don’t care about such things), you can build a primitive “hot lab” (known in the trade as a “hell kitchen”) in a basement anywhere. Detecting it before the weapon is used is much more difficult than, say, finding a uranium-enrichment plant. It doesn’t even necessarily require highly-trained personnel; in one real-life case, anthrax was cultured here in the U.S. in a highly infectious strain by a disgruntled ex-government employee (not a bioweapon expert, even) in his garage. (Fortunately, he was arrested before he could do anything with it.)
3. Once cultured, a bioweapon is easy to deliver- unfortunately. Especially in a highly mobile culture like our present one. Consider the rapidity with which H1N1 has spread worldwide; now imagine that it was the Marburg strain of Ebola, instead. This is especially true if a bioagent with a long (two to three week) gestation period is “deployed” by a group devoted to martyrdom; a few volunteers can become the “delivery system”. The potential for destruction is much greater than a homicide bomber, not least because the “bomber” is much harder to detect.
As far back as the 1960s, it was recognized in military intelligence circles that, like chemical weapons, bioweapons were “the poor man’s H-bomb”. I find it interesting that today, we have political leaders who still haven’t gotten the memo.
clear ether
eon
Oct 25, 2009 - 4:19 am 4. alex:No mention of the Anthrax attack immediately after 911..??
Weaponized anthrax was mailed to US politicians. An attack on US soil, by US individuals. this should at least receive mention, This particular type of Anthrax was milled by high end laboratories and traced back to US military research. A fascinating story to read.
Senators know full well what BW consist of, and all modern nations have counter espionage in this field investigating all possible. But as the posts and article mention, it is incredibly difficult to find and prevent. All it takes is rudimentary cooking skills and cheap equipment to fashion toxic and deadly cocktails.
Oct 25, 2009 - 5:34 am 5. EnemyoftheState:as far as Al Qaeda, the strategy should be to find and neutralize the organization. Then we wont need to worry about Al Qaeda and BW any longer.
It seems to me that a religious empire that came to power in the middle ages and wants to return the world to the middle ages would take great delight in using the same weapon that nearly killed off Europe in the middle ages – “the black death”, the plague. Or is “poetic justice” only a western concept?
MOPP level 4.
Oct 25, 2009 - 6:00 am 6. Hanzie:Actually, I’m given to understand that it was the battle of Midway that caused the two bomber carrying ships to turn back from the bubonic plague infected flea bombing mission to San Francisco.
Thank you for writing this article.
Oct 25, 2009 - 7:16 am 7. Moho:Here’s another thing they’re wasting money on–Cancer Research! We all know that it kills people. Why are they wasting money on that! And why waste money on fighting Al Qaeda, its obvious that they’ll only attack us again anyways! Dam gubament.
Oct 25, 2009 - 7:59 am 8. texexpatriate:Of course Obama is neglecting bioterror, just as he is neglecting the defense of the nation in every other way.
Oct 25, 2009 - 8:57 am 9. Fred Beloit:Under another article we find this:
“Now and Then:
66. layer of baal:
“I was absolutely disgusted by her[Palin's] performance in the interviews with couric, and yes I know there was unfair editing . . . ”
Really? Document, please. Not sure how you can edit, “What magazines and newspapers do you read?” . . . “All of them.” So, show me how that was cut unfairly.
Oct 24, 2009 – 4:05 pm”
Now and Then, Obama has stated there were 57 United States of America, that there is an Austrian language, and that there is such a thing as a typical white person. NAT, show how this doesn’t indicate an abysmal education and racist tainted world view. (And don’t bother to Harvard me, it didn’t impress you in favor of Bush. Harvard me no Harvards and Yale me no Yales.)
Oct 25, 2009 - 9:04 am 10. GLASS:No wonder Obama needs a commission to tell him even the simplest reality, like this one from Annie: “…at the end of the day al-Qaeda will use whatever practical means[including bioterror] it can to achieve its goal.”
Bio and Chemical agents are the poor mans atomic bomb.
Oct 25, 2009 - 9:26 am 11. Fred Beloit:Moho at #7: “Here’s another thing they’re wasting money on–Cancer Research! We all know that it kills people.”
Before the socialized medicine threat hung over us, there was a profit motive for companies researching new drugs. While the new sickcare looms, it may not pay private researchers to spend trying to find new cancer cures; the government will have to do it and then the death panels will refuse to administer the cures to those who need it most. What a great Utopia it will be!
Oct 25, 2009 - 9:41 am 12. Now and Then:Yeah, and what about all the graffiti?
Oct 25, 2009 - 10:23 am 13. Now and Then:9. Fred Beloit
Oct 25, 2009 - 10:27 am 14. Fred Beloit:Odd, I wasn’t talking about Obama. I was referring to Palin’s comical tour de dunce with Katie Couric, and how it was edited unfairly. Perhaps you have a thought or even some proof about that. Until then I’m quite confident Obama knows how many states there are. Goy, don’t you have some lecture material on straw men available or maybe a “moral adolescent” link you could provide Señor Beloit?
Lucky 13
Oct 25, 2009 - 1:44 pm 15. Now and Then:Not at all, gNAT. You need to prove that Obama knows how many states there are, because by voting for him for POTUS you indicated he was qualified, which happens to have turned out to be untrue. He is on record and video as saying there are 57, an error of 14%, if I am not mistaken. I haven’t heard him correct that, have I? Perhaps he has his eye on portions of Canada and Mexico, who knows.
14. Fred Beloit:
OK, Senõr Benwah, I’ll be happy to prove that, just as soon as you prove the first matter at issue . . . that the Katie Couric interview where Palin said she reads “all” of the newspapers and magazine was falsely edited.
Here’s a little something to help you focus:
http://andrewsullivan.theatlantic.com/the_daily_dish/2009/07/the-odd-lies-of-sarah-palin-a-roundup.html
Happy hunting.
Oct 25, 2009 - 4:09 pm 16. myth buster:5. I’d find that really hilarious. Why? Because the only people the terrorists would manage to kill with the plague would be themselves. The plague killed a large chunk of Europe in the 13th century because they didn’t have antibiotics back then.
Oct 25, 2009 - 4:21 pm 17. sasquatch:Actually myth buster: has made an excellant point.
Oct 25, 2009 - 11:56 pm 18. Brian:Bio-weapons are extremely difficult to handle without contaminating the surroundings and then there is the problem of the infection being inadvertantly introduced into their societies by modern air-transport…..societies with primitive hygene and medical infrastructure.
If such weapons were weaponized by primitive clandestine hot labs in Waziristan the likely prospect is for a major pandemic in Pakistan/Afghanistan.
They would literally be hoisted on their own petard.
“The plague killed a large chunk of Europe in the 13th century because they didn’t have antibiotics back then.”
And making a drug resistent strain is not only plausible its actually dead easy if you have the mind to do it. The incorrect assumption is that AQ is only working in caves in Pakistan… a very poor assumption to make, underestimating your enemy that way. Many of the people we are fighting are intelligent and educated.
Oct 26, 2009 - 4:08 am 19. kimmp:Obama is negelecting America. Period! He doesn’t care about the country or the Americans and LEGAL immigrants who live here.
We have plague in this country right now and it isn’t N1H1. They go by Obama, Pelosi and Reid. Oh, and let’s throw in Schumer for good measure.
Oct 26, 2009 - 3:01 pm